What are the main components of a cone crusher

As an important component of mining crushing machinery, cone crusher plays an important role in the secondary crushing stage, especially in crushing relatively hard rocks such as granite, basalt, iron ore, pebbles, etc., its advantages are more obvious. Therefore, cone crusher is widely used in ore mining, and the wear of its vulnerable parts is also a prominent problem. So, what are the main accessories of cone crusher? What are their functions? Let’s take a look at it below.

1、Core crushing components
Moving cone and fixed cone
Moving cone (crushing wall): cast with high manganese steel or new composite materials, and form a crushing cavity with fixed cone through hydraulic or spring pressure. Its oscillating motion generates extrusion and shear force, which directly determines the crushing efficiency.
Fixed cone (rolling mortar wall): fixed to the frame, cooperates with the moving cone to form a crushing cavity. The surface adopts a corrugated design to optimize the material flow trajectory and improve the crushing ratio.
Eccentric sleeve and main shaft
Eccentric sleeve: the core component that drives the moving cone to oscillate, and its eccentricity determines the moving cone stroke. The multi-cylinder model adopts multi-hydraulic cylinder cooperative drive to improve the stability of crushing force.
Spindle: The key to transmitting crushing force, the spindle of the multi-cylinder model adopts a fixed-axis design, and the diameter is increased to carry higher loads.

Hydraulic and lubrication system
Hydraulic system: The size of the discharge port is adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder (accuracy up to 0.1mm) to achieve overload protection and automatic cavity clearing. Some models are equipped with hydraulic motors and support remote control.
Lubrication system: Provide cooling and lubrication for bearings and gears. The oil circuit design includes oil pumps, filters, and coolers to ensure continuous operation of the equipment.

2、Transmission and support system
Gears and bearings
Arc bevel gears: large meshing overlap, 20% noise reduction, and enhanced load-bearing capacity.
Bowl-shaped bearings: Support the weight of the equipment and withstand the impact of crushing. Its spherical design ensures flexible adjustment of the moving cone and extends its service life.
Frame and shell
Frame: It is divided into an upper frame and a lower frame, and is made of high-strength cast steel to protect internal components.
Dust cover: prevent dust from entering the lubrication system. Some models are equipped with sealing devices, such as labyrinth seals or O-rings.

3、Key vulnerable parts
Liner and copper sleeve
High manganese steel liner: covers the moving cone and fixed cone, with 30% higher wear resistance and longer replacement cycle.
Copper sleeve: as a sliding bearing, it reduces friction. Made of tin bronze, it has better corrosion resistance.
Sealing and dust prevention
Labyrinth seal: non-contact design, avoids friction loss, and extends life by 50%.
Dust prevention device: such as dust cover and air filter, keeps the lubrication system clean.
4、Control and adjustment device
Hydraulic motor and PLC control
Hydraulic motor: drives the discharge port adjustment, with a response speed of <0.5 seconds.
PLC control system: integrated overload protection, automatic cavity clearing function, supports remote monitoring and parameter adjustment.
Locking and safety device
Locking cylinder: ensures the closing pressure of the crushing chamber to prevent material leakage.
Safety cylinder: automatically releases when overloaded to protect the equipment from damage.

5、Other auxiliary components
Flywheel and pulley
Flywheel: optimize power transmission and improve crushing efficiency.
Pulley: drive the transmission shaft, some models use coupling direct transmission.
Adjustment ring and support sleeve
Adjustment ring: adjust the size of the crushing chamber to adapt to different material requirements.
Support sleeve: enhance the stability of the frame and prevent vibration.
Market differences and technological trends
Model comparison:
Single-cylinder cone crusher: relies on spring pressure, simple structure, suitable for small and medium-sized production.
Multi-cylinder cone crusher: multi-hydraulic cylinder collaborative drive, stable crushing force, suitable for high-hardness materials and large production capacity requirements.
Technology upgrade:
Material innovation: use composite wear-resistant materials to extend the life of the liner.
Intelligent control: integrated AI predictive maintenance system, early identification of faults, and reduced downtime losses.